biology vocabulary and definitions

WebThe Bio-Dictionary helps you to understand common terms in biology. WebOdyssey HIgH sCHOOL BIOLOgy VOCaBuLary These are the vocabulary words and definitions used throughout the Biology course. Host: An organism that can harbor or nourish another organism. Meiosis results in the formation of gametes in animals and spores in other organisms. Bacterial Photosynthesis: A mode of metabolism, which is light-dependent and where carbon dioxide is reduced to glucose, which is used for energy production and biosynthesis. Xeric: A habitat which has an extremely dry environment. Nephridium: A tube like excretory organ of many invertebrates such as mollusks and earthworms. Guano: Large deposits of substances composed chiefly of the feces of birds or bats. Dew point: The temperature to which air must be cooled to bring about the condensation of water vapor. Use this to prep for your next quiz! Shell: A hard outer covering of an organism made up of carapace and plastron. Elizabeth Martin and Robert Hine Next Edition: 7 ed. Insectivore: An organism that feeds chiefly on insects. They are listed in alphabetical order. the region of the body between the thorax and the pelvis, a hypothetical organic phenomenon by which living organisms are created from nonliving matter, a process in which one substance permeates another, the energy that an atomic system must acquire before a process (such as an emission or reaction) can occur, transport of a substance (as a protein or drug) across a cell membrane against the concentration gradient; requires an expenditure of energy, any of the forms of a gene that can occupy the same locus, the alternation of two or more different forms in the life cycle of a plant or animal, the synthesis in living organisms of more complex substances (e.g., living tissue) from simpler ones together with the storage of energy, a substance used to kill microorganisms and cure infections, any substance that stimulates an immune response in the body, the part of the skeleton that includes the pectoral girdle and the pelvic girdle and the upper and lower limbs, reproduction without the fusion of gametes, a chamber connected to other chambers or passageways, the part of the skeleton that includes the skull and spinal column and sternum and ribs, the property of being symmetrical about a vertical plane, the total amount of living matter in a given unit area, major ecological community with distinct climate and flora, production of a chemical compound by a living organism, marine or freshwater mollusks having a soft body with platelike gills enclosed within two shells hinged together, the fatty network of connective tissue that fills the cavities of bones, the branch of biology that studies plants, breakdown in living organisms of more complex substances into simpler ones together with release of energy, substance that initiates or accelerates a chemical reaction, a rigid layer of polysaccharides enclosing a plant membrane, a polysaccharide that is the chief constituent of all plant tissues and fibers, a specialized condensed region of each chromosome that appears during mitosis where the chromatids are held together to form an X shape, anterior part of the brain consisting of two hemispheres, process determined by substances' composition and structure, component of arthropods' exoskeletons and bodies of fungi, any of green pigments found in photosynthetic organisms, organelle in which photosynthesis takes place, the readily stainable substance of a cell nucleus consisting of DNA and RNA and various proteins; during mitotic division it condenses into chromosomes, a threadlike strand of DNA that carries genes, the organs and tissues involved in circulating blood and lymph through the body, a specific sequence of three adjacent nucleotides on a strand of DNA or RNA that specifies the genetic code information for synthesizing a particular amino acid, when one organism benefits from another without damaging it, a group of people living in a particular local area, in insects and some crustaceans: composed of many light-sensitive elements each forming a portion of an image, the spatial property of being crowded together, the branch of biology that studies the structure and function of cells, pathological breakdown of cells by the destruction of their outer membrane, the substance inside a cell, not including the nucleus, a microscopic network of actin filaments and microtubules in the cytoplasm of many living cells that gives the cell shape and coherence, a plant having foliage that is shed annually at the end of the growing season, the process by which the body breaks down food, hybridization using two traits with two alleles each, an allele that produces the same phenotype whether its paired allele is identical or different, the environment as it relates to living organisms, organisms interacting with their physical environment, a substance that cannot be separated into simpler substances, the inner portion of the gelatinous liquid inside a cell, the internal skeleton; bony and cartilaginous structure, a small asexual spore that develops inside the cell of some bacteria and algae, occurring or formed with absorption of heat, the outer layer of skin covering the body surface, membranous tissue covering internal organs and other internal surfaces of the body, the bodily process of discharging waste matter, the exterior protective or supporting structure or shell of many animals (especially invertebrates) including bony or horny parts such as nails or scales or hoofs, breaking down an organic substance, as sugar into alcohol, whip or scourge; punish as if by whipping, the pedal extremity of vertebrates other than human beings, the ripened reproductive body of a seed plant, the physically discrete element that Darwin proposed as responsible for heredity, part of DNA controlling physical characteristics and growth, the study of heredity and variation in organisms, the particular alleles present in an organism, the period during which an embryo develops, a gland in which gametes (sex cells) are produced, warming when solar radiation is trapped by the atmosphere, a root-like attachment in parasitic plants that penetrates and obtains food from the host, the resting state in which some animals pass the winter, restraint that attaches to something or holds something in place, metabolic equilibrium maintained by biological mechanisms, a chemical bond consisting of a hydrogen atom between two electronegative atoms (e.g., oxygen or nitrogen) with one side be a covalent bond and the other being an ionic bond, a chemical reaction in which water reacts with a compound to produce other compounds; involves the splitting of a bond and the addition of the hydrogen cation and the hydroxide anion from the water, any of the threadlike filaments forming the mycelium of a fungus, a tentative insight that is not yet verified or tested, hereditary succession to a title or an office or property, a solution having the same osmotic pressure as blood, the appearance of the chromosomal makeup of a somatic cell in an individual or species (including the number and arrangement and size and structure of the chromosomes), a rich soil consisting of sand, clay and organic materials, a membrane-bound organelle containing digestive enzymes, evolution on a large scale extending over geologic era and resulting in the formation of new taxonomic groups, a sleeveless garment like a cloak but shorter, one of two forms that coelenterates take: it is the free-swimming sexual phase in the life cycle of a coelenterate; in this phase it has a gelatinous umbrella-shaped body and tentacles, cell division that produces reproductive cells, a sheet of tissue that lines or connects organs or cells, mesodermal tissue that forms connective tissue and blood and smooth muscles, the organic processes that are necessary for life, evolution resulting from small specific genetic changes that can lead to a new subspecies, the process by which a cell divides into two smaller cells, a representation of something, often on a smaller scale, hybridization using a single trait with two alleles, cell from which another cell of an organism develops, a change or alteration in form or qualities, the relation between two organisms that benefit each other, the vegetative part of a fungus consisting of a mass of branching threadlike hyphae, the sensory and control apparatus consisting of a network of nerve cells, a flexible rodlike structure that forms the supporting axis of the body in the lowest chordates and lowest vertebrates and in embryos of higher vertebrates, a part of the cell responsible for growth and reproduction, diffusion of molecules through a semipermeable membrane, the earth science that studies fossil organisms, an animal or plant that lives in or on a host, when one organism benefits from another by causing damage, transport of a substance across a cell membrane by diffusion, thin protective membrane in some protozoa, the primary linkage of all protein structures, process in which phagocytes engulf and digest microorganisms and cellular debris; an important defense against infection, any distinct time period in a sequence of events, observable characteristics produced by genes and environment, plant tissue that conducts synthesized food substances, any of various compounds composed of fatty acids and phosphoric acid and a nitrogenous base; an important constituent of membranes, formation of compounds in plants aided by radiant energy, an organism's orienting response to light, a change from one state (solid or liquid or gas) to another without a change in chemical composition, the science dealing with the functioning of organisms, photosynthetic or plant constituent of plankton, the vascular structure in the uterus of most mammals providing oxygen and nutrients for and transferring wastes from the developing fetus, aggregate of small organisms that float or drift in water, a thin membrane enclosing the cytoplasm of a cell, a small cellular inclusion consisting of a ring of DNA that is not in a chromosome but is capable of autonomous replication, fine spores produced by flowers to fertilize other flowers, transfer of the fine spores that contain male gametes, a small vascular growth on the surface of a mucous membrane, the people who inhabit a territory or state, temporary outgrowth of a cell used for locomotion or feeding, an allele that produces its characteristic phenotype only when its paired allele is identical, the act of forming again; renewing and reconstituting, a single complete act of breathing in and out, an organism that feeds on dead organic matter especially a fungus or bacterium, the organic process of releasing some substance, small, hard part of a plant from which a new plant can grow, a membrane (as a cell membrane) that allows some molecules to pass through but not others, reproduction involving the union or fusion of a male and a female gamete, taxonomic group whose members can interbreed, a small usually single-celled asexual reproductive body produced by many nonflowering plants and fungi and some bacteria and protozoans and that are capable of developing into a new individual without sexual fusion, a spore-bearing branch or organ: the part of the thallus of a sporophyte that develops spores; in ferns and mosses and liverworts is practically equivalent to the sporophyte, a horizontal branch from the base of plant that produces new plants from buds at its tips, the relation between two interdependent species of organisms, a classification of organisms based on similarities, a plant body without true stems or roots or leaves or vascular system; characteristic of the thallophytes, the body of an arthropod between the head and the abdomen, the process whereby a transducer accepts energy in one form and gives back related energy in a different form, the act of changing in form or shape or appearance, the transport of dissolved material within a plant, the emission of water vapor from the leaves of plants. Basidiospore: The sexual spore of the Basidiomycotina, which is formed on the basidium. WebOdyssey HIgH sCHOOL BIOLOgy VOCaBuLary These are the vocabulary words and definitions used throughout the Biology course. Water Vascular System: A system of fluid filled tubes and ducts, that connect with the tube feet of most marine invertebrates. White Rot Fungus: Fungus that attacks lignin, along with cellulose and hemicellulose, leading to marked lightening of the infected wood. Read more on theory of evolution. Cytoplasmic Membrane: A selectively permeable membrane which is present around the cytoplasm of the cell. Remiges: Flight feather of a bird used to control direction during flying. Find information on Biology terms and definitions in the cross-referenced index. These include phaeophyta: brown algae, spirogyra, and red algae. It consists of non-sulfated linear polymer, which contains D-galactose and 3:6-anhydro-L-galactose alternately. Nitrate Reduction (biological): The process of reduction of nitrate to simpler forms like ammonium by plant and micro-organisms. Chemotrophs: Organisms that obtain their energy by the oxidation of chemical compounds are chemotrophs. Fully revised and updated, the sixth edition of this dictionary provides comprehensive coverage of biology, biophysics, and biochemistry, as well as key terms from medicine and palaeontology. Gaping: The open width of space, created by forcefully opening the jaws or mandibles of a vertebrate. Selective Medium: A medium that is biased in allowing only certain types of micro-organisms to grow. the study of living organisms, including their structure, functioning, evolution, distribution, and interrelationships. Chemostat: A continuously used culture device, controlled by limited amounts of nutrients and dilution rates. Halophile: An organism that thrives, or at least which can survive in a saline environment. Humic Acid: Dark-colored organic material extracted from the soil by the use of reagents and which is precipitated by acid. Acid Soil: Soil which has a pH value lesser than 6.6. Lek: The courtship display for mating of certain animals, where males gather around the females for being selected for copulation. Mostly contains oligotrophic proteobacteria, many of which have distinctive morphological features. gy -j plural biologies 1 : a branch of science that deals with living organisms and vital processes 2 a : the plant and animal life of a region or environment b The definitive source of meaningful and informative explanations of biological concepts. Brood Reduction: When a clutch of eggs hatch sequentially, if there is inadequate food, brood reduction takes place. Brooding: The practice of birds, where the parent birds continue to provide warmth to their young, during the time when they are unable to maintain their own body temperatures.[Back]. Fertilizer: Any organic or inorganic material added to the soil to enhance the growth of plants. Immobilization: Conversion of an element from inorganic to organic form. Aerobic Anoxygenic Photosynthesis: Photosynthetic process which takes place under aerobic conditions. taxonomic group whose members can interbreed. The book lung is located inside the ventral abdominal cavity. Hexose Monophosphate Pathway: A metabolic pathway involving the oxidative decarboxylation of glucose:6:phosphate. Caste: A group of species, which shares similar features, form, or behavior and belong to the same social group. Ventral Scale: Scales found on the underside of the snakes body. to facilitate the growth of new ones. WebBiology is the branch of science concerned with the study of life: structure, growth, functioning, and evolution of living things. Gharial: An Asian crocodile with a very narrow jaw. We are adding more terms! Motility: The ability of a cell to move from one place to another. Gas Vacuole: A sub-cellular organelle, found only in prokaryotes, which are gas-filled vesicles. Monoclonal Antibody: Antibody produced from a single clone of cells, which has a uniform structure and specificity. Biology is the study of living things. Basal Medium: A basal medium allows the growth of many types of micro-organisms which do not require special nutrient supplements. Benthic: A Benthic zone is the ecological region that encompasses the bottom most level of any body of water, be it a river, lake, or ocean. Facultative Organism: An organism which is able to adjust to a particular circumstance or has the ability to take up different roles in a process. The ranks start with life, followed by domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species. All A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z A Abdomen Viscers: The organs located in the cavities of the organism body. These birds keep their young ones in this platform to keep them out of water and afloat. Fully revised and updated, the sixth edition of this dictionary provides comprehensive coverage of biology, biophysics, and biochemistry, as well as key terms from medicine and palaeontology. Biotransformation: The chemical alterations of a drug, occurring in the body, due to enzymatic activity. abiotic physical, or nonliving, factor that shapes an ecosystem abiotic factor physical, or nonliving, part of an ecosystem accurate the closeness of a measurement to the actual value the structure, functioning, etc, of a particular organism or group of organisms. Cytoplasm: The protoplasm of a cell, exclusive of the nucleus. Beak: The protruding part of the mouth of several groups of vertebrates, including some cetaceans. This reptile is known for its sharp teeth and powerful jaws. Amphibians are vertebrates and cold-blooded. Urohydrosis: A cooling mechanism practiced by some birds, in which they release feces or urine onto the scaly portions of their legs. This BiologyWise article is a complete compilation of Botany, Zoology, and Microbiology terms for your reference. Auriculars: Auriculars is a set of feathers that are found near a birds ear openings. Biology is the study of living things. Invertebrate: Pertaining to organisms without a backbone. In case of birds, this is done by laying ones eggs in another birds nest. Frustule: Siliceous wall and protoplasm seen in diatoms. Mycovirus: Viruses that infect fungi.[Back]. We hope you are enjoying Biologywise! Latest Edition (8 ed.) Anoxic: A condition or state which is devoid of oxygen. Neutralism: Lack of interaction between two organisms in the same habitat. Leaching: Removal of metals from ores by the help of micro-organisms. Antiseptic: A substance that inhibits the growth and development of micro-organisms, but does not necessarily kill them. Mold: A group of saprobic or parasitic fungi causing a cottony growth on organic substances. The trunk of these species is enclosed in a shell. Artificial Selection: A selection process where the breeder chooses the animals for mating and producing offspring of desired inheritable qualities. Latest Edition (8 ed.) Alkalophile: Organisms that have an affinity for alkaline media, thus, growing best in such conditions. It helps to protect the slender slimy inner portions as well as provides the shell with color. It is broken down into many fields, reflecting the complexity of life from the atoms and molecules of biochemistry to the interactions of millions of organisms in ecology. This vast subject of science involves the usage of myriad of biology terms, which essentially need to be comprehended correctly. Amphibians: Animals that can survive and live on land as well as in water. Teeth and powerful jaws marine invertebrates place under aerobic conditions biology vocabulary and definitions does not necessarily kill.! Myriad of Biology terms and definitions used throughout the Biology course myriad of Biology,. 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Terms and definitions used throughout the Biology course of many invertebrates such as mollusks earthworms. Saline environment Next Edition: 7 ed and protoplasm seen in diatoms is known its...

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